The MBI assesses the three dimensions of the burnout experience - exhaustion, cynicism/detachment, and professional inefficacy - and contains either 22 items or 16 (for the General Surveys). The original research measure of burnout and the one most commonly used is the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI Maslach et al., 2017). The measure of choice for new studies likely depends on the population of interest, the size of the population (shorter measures are only valid for very large samples), study hypotheses, financial limitations (e.g., licensing fees for propriety measures), study design considerations (e.g., repeated measures), and participants` time constraints. No clinical research has been done to establish a "cut-off score" (or "diagnosis") for dysfunctional levels of burnout. Several research measures of burnout exist, and they vary in terms of what dimensions are assessed (all three or only exhaustion), and the number and response format of scale items. Burnout is related to an increased risk for mental health problems (Leiter and Maslach, 2000) and physical health outcomes, including risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related events (Melamed et al., 2006) as well as biological markers of neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic, and cardiovascular health (Juster et al., 2011). But now burnout has been reported as a problem in many other occupations.
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